孟轲之学的“民贵君轻”与乾隆皇帝的“帝王之学”

The Thought of People More Important than King by Mengke and the Art of the King by Emperor Qian Long

孟轲之学的"民贵君轻"是中华帝制"帝王之学"的重要组成部分。在乾隆皇帝的著作中,不仅有直接体认和论说"民贵君轻"的诗歌、短文、书评、史评,还有许多体认和论说"民贵君轻"的同义命题或近义命题的文字。他对"民贵君轻"的认知来自传承久远的皇帝及皇子教育制度。清朝皇帝采取膜拜孔孟、弘扬儒学、编纂儒典、开科取士等一系列措施倡导"民贵君轻",造就了服膺"民贵君轻"的庞大群体。清朝的政治批判思潮、程朱理学、乾嘉汉学的"民贵君轻"都没有超越孔孟之道的固有框架。在皇帝、官僚、士子集体修习"民贵君轻"的读书声中,历史敲响了中华帝制的丧钟。因此,将"民贵君轻"判定为"中国优秀传统文化"的做法是错误的。

The thought of people more important than King is an important component of the art of the King in China. In the writings of Emperor Qian Long,there are many literatures about the thought of people more important than King. He learn the thought of people more important than King from the education of the Kings and their sons. The Emperors of Qing dynasty took many policies about the Confucianism. The thought of people more important than King never go beyond the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius,no matter in political criticism or in the Cheng-Zhu Confucian School and the Han-learning School during Qian-Jia period. In sound of reading books about the people more important than King by the King and their sons and the scholar-bureaucrats,the history sounds the death knell. It is a faulty to judge that the thought of people more important than King is a component of Chinese excellent traditional culture.