某三甲综合医院临床护士职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

tatus of job burnout in clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospital and related influencing factors

目的探讨绍兴市某三甲综合医院临床护士职业倦怠现状，并对影响因素进行分析。方法于2016年lO月，采用护士职业倦怠表（NBS）对某三甲综合医院304名临床护士进行调查，内容包括基本资料（年龄、学历、工龄、婚否、夜班频次、职称、受聘方式等）和工作环境特征、倦怠、人格特征、应对及身心症状等。用SPSS18．0对NBS各维度得分进行Pearson相关性分析，以临床护士人口学特征为自变量，NBS各维度得分为因变量进行多元线性回归分析。结果该三甲医院临床护士中、重度倦怠发生率为74％。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，倦怠、悲观人格、消极应对和身心症状与工作环境均呈正相关（r=0．530、0．316、0．116、0．502），悲观人格、身心症状与倦怠呈正相关（r=0．618、0．675），身心症状与悲观人格呈正相关（r=0．540），消极应对与悲观人格呈负相关（r=-0．145）。多元回归分析结果显示，临床护士职业倦怠工作环境得分的影响因素为科室（内科和外科，B-0．364、-0．428）和夜班频次（每月〈6次和6～10次，B=O．199、O．256）；倦怠得分的影响因素为内科和外科（B=-0．350、-0．360）；悲观人格得分的影响因素为工龄1~3年（B=-0．238）；身心症状得分的影响因素为已婚护士、工龄1-3年、内科和外科（B=0．263、-0．301、-0．322、-0．391）。结论该三甲综合医院临床护士职业倦怠发生率高，与倦怠、工作环境、悲观人格、身心症状密切相关；职业倦怠的主要影响因素为婚姻状态、工龄、所在科室及每月夜班次数。

Objective To investigate the currentstatus of job burnout in clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospitalin Shaoxing, China and related itffluencing factors. Methods In October 2016, the Nursing Burnout Scale （NBS） was used for the investigation of 304 clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospital. The contents of the investigation included general data（including age, education background, working years, marital status, frequency of night shifts, professional title, and way of employment）, characteristics of working environment, burnout, personality characteristics, coping strategy, and psychosomatic symptoms. SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct Pearson correlation analysis of the scores of each dimension of NBS. A multivariate regression analysis was performed with the demographic features of clinical nurses as the independent variable and the scores of each dimension of NBS as the dependent variable. Results Among the clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital, the incidence rate of severe burnout was 74%. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that burnout, pessimistic personality, negative coping, and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with working environment（r=0.530, 0.316, 0.116, and 0.502） ; pessimistic personality and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with burnout （r=0.618 and 0.675） ; psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated withpessimistic personality （r=0.540） ; negative coping was negatively correlated with pessimistic personality （r=-0.145）. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that department （Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery, B=-0.364 and -0.428） and frequency of night shifts （〈6 times/month and 6-10 times/month, B=0.199 and 0.256） were influencing factors for the score of working environment; department （Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery, B=-0.350 and -0.360） was an influencing factor for the score of burnout; 1-3 working years （B=-0.238） was an influencing factor for the score of pessimistic personality; married state, 1-3 working years, and department （Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery） were influencing factors for the score of psychosomatic symptoms （B=0.263, -0.301, -0.322, and -0.391 ）. Conclusion There is a high incidence rate Of job burnout among clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital, which is associated with burnout, working environment, pessimistic personality, and psychosomatic symptoms. Marital status, working years, department, and frequency of night shifts are major influencing factors for job burnout.