我国29省在职员工职业倦怠与主观幸福感及健康状况的关系

Association of job burnout with subjective well-being and health status among employees from 29 provinces in China

目的探讨我国在职员工的职业倦怠对主观幸福感及健康状况的影响。方法采用2014年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据，分析我国29省18-64岁在职员工7289人的职业倦怠与主观幸福感及健康的关系。职业倦怠采用职业倦怠普适量表（MBI．GS）中的部分条目进行调查；主观幸福感测评包括生活幸福感和生活状态满意度两个维度；健康状况采用自评身体健康状况问题评估。结果主观幸福感低、自评健康状况差的个体分别占30．5％、4．7％。logistic回归分析结果显示，情绪衰竭（2个条目）、成就感降低、玩世不恭是主观幸福感低的危险因素（OR=I．07、1．11、1．10、1．06，P〈0．001），情绪衰竭（2个条目）是自评健康差的危险因素（OR=I．10、1．07，P〈0．001），而成就感降低、玩世不恭对自评健康影响不明显（P〉0．05）。结论情绪衰竭是自评健康状况的主要影响因素，降低我国在职员工的职业倦怠水平可能是提高主观幸福感、改善健康水平的有效途径。

Objective To investigate the influence of job burnout on subjective well-being and health status among employees in China. Methods The data from the 2014 China Labor-force Dynamic Survey were used to analyze the association of job burnout with subjective well-being and health status among 7 289 employees aged 18- 64 years from 29 provinces in China. Some items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used to investigate job burnout; subjective well-being assessment included life happiness and degree of satisfaction with living condition ; the questions for self-evaluation of health status were used to analyze health status. Results Of all employees, 30.5% had low subjective well-being and 4.7% had poor health status based on self-evaluation. The logistic regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion （two items）, reduced sense of personal accomplishment, and cynicism were risk factors for low subjective well-being（OR=1.07, 1.11, 1.10, and 1.06, P〈 0.001）, and emotional exhaustion （two items） was a risk factor for poor health status （OR=1.10 and 1.07, P〈 0.001 ）. Reduced sense of personal accomplishment and cynicism had no significant influence on health status （P〉 0.05）. Conclusion Emotional exhaustion is a major influencing factor for health status, and reducing job burnoutmay be an effective method for improving subjective well-being and health status.