黄河下游引黄灌区水沙调控模式及其特点分析

Analyses on the water and sediment regulation patterns of the irrigation district in the Lower Yellow River

黄河挟带大量泥沙,沿岸地区进行引水灌溉不能忽略引入泥沙的处理问题。自20世纪50年代黄河下游发展引黄灌溉事业以来,目前不同灌区已基本形成适宜自身地理特点和灌溉需求的引水输水类型和入渠泥沙处理方式。本文根据引黄灌区所处河道位置和地域条件,结合灌区灌溉类型和泥沙处理方式,归纳提出了4种黄河下游引黄灌区水沙调控模式,即,沉沙输水模式、输水沉沙模式、分水滞沙模式和输水输沙模式;根据不同水沙调控模式的形成条件、调控效果和存在的水沙问题,分析了适合不同水沙调控模式的输水输沙关键技术和重点调控目标,分别为沉粗排细调控、远距离输沙调控、分沙入支渠调控和泥沙入田调控;泥沙远距离分散输送技术是实现灌区水沙资源优化配置的重点。

The Yellow River is a well-known high sediment laden river,and the diversion from the YellowRiver will definitely attract lots of sediment in the irrigation district. Since the 1950’s,the irrigation dis？tricts in LYR have set up their own different irrigation types and sediment treatment forms to fit for theirown geography characteristics and water distribution demand. Combined with the irrigation forms and sedi？ment deal with forms,the4 patterns of water resources and sediment resources regulation are put forward.They are the sediment deal with in settling base as soon as diversion and then the low sediment flow useto irrigation （sediment deal first pattern）,the high sediment flow delivered firstly by long stem channeland then deposition and then irrigation （sediment deliver first pattern）,the sediment deposition scatter inbranch channel and then the lower sediment flow for irrigation （sediment scatter pattern） ,and no settlingbase for sediment deal with and the sediment laden flow irrigation directly （sediment laden flow irrigationpattern） . Based on analyses the features about the sediment deal with,the projects layout forms and thekey techniques adoptions,the targets for different controlling patterns are different,they are coarse sedi-ment depositing and fine sediment transporting,sediment long distance transport,dividing more sediment tobranch channel,and deliver more sediment directly to farm field.