基于DEA-malmquist指数的交通运输上市企业动态效率实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Dynamic Efficiency of Transportation Listed Companies Based on DEA-malmquist

交通运输行业是国民经济的命脉产业,其投入产出效率的改进和提高事关整个国民经济的顺利运行。利用DEA-Malmquist指数,从技术效率变化、纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化、技术进步等指标入手,实证分析2010—2016年我国交通运输行业80家上市企业全要素生产率发现,2010—2016年我国交通运输行业平均全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势,但幅度较小,且不同年份下降的原因不同。其中,港口、公交、航空运输、航海运输、机场、铁路运输、物流七个类别的企业尽管并非全部下降,但均存在波动。整个交通运输行业投入产出效率的提高需要社会以及企业自身多方面的努力。对政府和整个行业而言,要更多关注民营企业和中小企业,为它们提供政策扶持与资金支持,通过创造平等而自由的竞争环境来促进交通运输行业健康发展;对交通运输企业而言,要持续进行技术投入,硬件软件两手抓,在确保技术效率进步的同时实现规模扩大与规模效率提高,达到技术投入与管理水平的双赢。

Transportation industry is the critical industry of national economy;the improvement of input –output efficiency of this industry will have the important impact on the operation of national economy. In this paper,the Dea-malmquist index is used to analyze the change of total factor productivity(TFP) of 80 listed transportation companies in China from 2010 to 2016;and the authors further analyze enterprises in such 7 categories as ports,public transportation,aviation,shipping,airport,rail transportation,and logistics and draw the following conclusions:from 2010 to 2016,the overall TFP in the transportation industry were slightly declining,and the reasons for the decline in different years were different. Not the TFP of all the enterprises in the 7 categories were declining,but they were fluctuating over these years. The improvement of the overall input-output efficiency of this industry will depend on the effort of the whole society and the related enterprises. The government and the industry should pay more attention to the development of private enterprises,especially the SMEs,provide them with more policy and capital support,and promote the healthy development of transportation industry by creating the fair and free competition environment;the transportation industry should sustainably increase investment in terms of technology,realize the expansion of scale and the growth of scale economies,and realize the win-win situation in terms of technological investment and management level.