能源开发区生态补偿方式对农户生计影响研究——以榆林市为例

Research of the Impact of the Ecological Compensation Modes on Livelihood of Farmers in Energy Developmental Area:A Case Study in Yulin City

生态补偿是协调生态环境与经济发展的重要手段,研究生态补偿方式对农户生计的影响有助于客观评价生态补偿效果。该文运用Logistic回归模型和多元线性回归模型,基于农户生计视角,选择榆林市为研究区域,定量分析了农户生计资本及生计策略现状,并探讨了不同生态补偿方式对农户生计的影响作用。结果表明:榆林市农户生计资本整体水平较高,但不同能源开发类型区存在一定差异性,煤炭资源开发区农户人力资本、金融资本和社会资本水平均高于油气资源开发区相应资本水平;资金补偿、物质补偿、政策补偿这3种生态补偿方式对农户生计资本影响均为正向,t检验结果显示在5%水平上显著;生态补偿方式的交互作用对农户生计策略正向影响作用显著,农户也容易接受生态补偿组合方式。针对不同类型能源开发区,应选择适当的组合补偿方式,通过多样化手段提升农户生计资本水平,建立能源开发区生态补偿长效机制。

Ecological compensation is an important means to coordinate ecological environment and economic development.The impact of ecological compensation on farmers′livelihood is closely connected with the project sustainability and social fairness.In this paper,Yulin city was taken as the research area.The logistic regression model and the multiple linear regression model were used to establish an assessment model to estimate the influence of farmers′livelihood caused by ecological compensation program.The effects of different ecological compensation methods on the livelihood of the farmers were discussed.The results show that the overall level of livelihood capital of Yulin city is higher,and there are some differences in different energy development zones.The human capital,financial and social capital levels of coal resources development zones are higher than those of oil and gas resources development zones.The fund compensation,material compensation,and policy compensation have significant effects on the livelihood capital of farmers,and the t test shows that the ecological compensation method is significant at 5%level.The multi-factor interaction of ecological compensation on the positive impact of farmers′livelihood strategies is significant,and farmers are more likely to accept the ＂tied＂ ecological compensation.At last,in this paper,a suitable combination of compensation for different types of energy development zones was proposed through a variety of means to enhance the level of farmers′livelihood capital.The research is meaningful for the establishment of a long-term mechanism of ecological compensation in energy development zone.