2～6年室内游泳训练对儿童骨量影响的研究

Study on the Effects of Long-term Indoor Swimming Trainings on the Bone Mass of Chinese Children

目的青春期是骨质疏松初级预防的重要时期;游泳作为一种非负重运动方式,对改善青少年骨量方面的作用有待证实。研究通过对2~6年室内游泳训练儿童骨量的研究,探讨长期室内游泳训练对骨量的影响。方法研究运用定量超声骨强度仪对招募的20名长期系统室内游泳训练(平均训练年限4.3±1.7年)的儿童(游泳组)和20名无训练史的普通儿童(普通组),进行骨强度测试。结果游泳组身高高于普通组(145.5±11.3,142.3±15.1;P>0.05)、体重低于普通组(36.1±9.1,39.25±17.0;P>0.05)、BMI低于普通组(16.8±2.3,18.8±4.7;P>0.05)。游泳组SOS值(3738±92m/s)显著低于普通组(3824±52 m/s),经T检验两组间存在显著性差异P<0.05。游泳组骨量百分位数(游泳组61.55%±25.07%、普通组84.25%±12.30%;P<0.05)和Z-值(游泳组0.33±0.80、普通组1.14±0.54;P<0.05)均显著低于普通组。对Z-值的具体分析发现,游泳组有6人(33.3%)骨量低于平均基线水平,普通组骨量均高于平均基线水平。相关分析显示,游泳组SOS值与身高(r=0.628,P<0.05)和体重(r=0.551,P<0.05)存在中度相关,与其它指标无显著相关;普通组SOS值与其它指标无显著相关(P>0.05)。结论长期的系统游泳训练可有助于青少年获得更理想的身体质量。长期室内游泳训练将引起青少年骨量减少;长期室内游泳训练产生的骨量减少,会对身高和体重的发展产生影响。

Purpose： The adolescence is the important period of osteoporosis primary prevention. Swimming is a kind of non -weight - bearing exercise,whose function of improving bone mass is also beyond confirmation. The study will focus on thebone mass of the children with long - term indoor swimming trainings as well as the training effects on the bone mass of thechildren. Methods： 20 children with 4. 3 ± 1. 7 years training duration （ swimming group,SG） and 20 children without anytrainings （ normal group,NG）voluntarily participated in this experiment. Using the method of quantitative ultrasound （ QUS） ,the study measure all subjects bone mass. Results：Studies showed that from the perspective of morphological index,the heightof SG was higher than that of NG （ 145. 5 ± 11. 3, 142. 3 ± 15. 1; P 〉 0. 05） ,while its weight （ 36. 1 ± 9. 1, 39. 25 ± 17. 0; P 〉0. 05）and BMI were lower than those of NG （ 16. 8 ± 2. 3, 18. 8 ± 4. 7; P 〉 0. 05） . As to the bone mass,the SOS value （ 3738± 92m/ s）of SG was significantly lower than that of NG （ 3824 ± 52 m/ s） ;there was a significant difference between the twogroups through the T test,and the percentiles of the bone mass （ 61. 55% ± 25. 07% for SG and 84. 25% ± 12. 30% for NG;P 〈 0. 05）as well as the Z - value（ 0. 33 ± 0. 80 for SG and 1. 14 ± 0. 54 for NG;P 〈 0. 05）of SG were lower than those ofNG. From the specific analysis of the Z - value,the bone mass of 6 subjects （ 33. 3%）from SG was lower than the averagelevel while the bone mass of NG was higher than the average level. According to the correlation analysis,the SOS value of SGhad moderate correlation with its height （ r = 0. 628,P 〈 0. 05）and weight （ r = 0. 551,P 〈 0. 05） ,while it had no significantcorrelation with other indexes;the SOS value of NG had no significant correlation with other indexes. Conclusions： Long - termsystematic swimming trainings can help children get a better body,but long - term indoor swimming training will reduce thebone mass of children,which will further influence their height and weight development.