荧光/化学发光探针成像检测超氧阴离子自由基的研究进展

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Superoxide Anion Radical

超氧阴离子自由基(O_2^(·-))是细胞内氧气单电子还原后最先产生的一类含氧的高活性物种(活性氧,ROS),与生命过程息息相关。正常稳态浓度的O_2^(·-)起重要的信号调控作用,包括细胞的增殖、分化、自噬等。但O_2^(·-)浓度的异常,又与癌症、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病等多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。因此,监测O_2^(·-)浓度的变化对揭示相关疾病的机理具有至关重要作用。由于荧光成像检测方法具有诸多优势,发展高灵敏、高选择性检测O_2^(·-)的荧光探针成为揭示相关疾病发生发展分子机制的关键切入点。近年来,随着荧光显微技术的发展,研究者开发了多种荧光/化学发光探针,实现了对细胞及活体内O_2^(·-)水平的可视化监测。本文综述了近五年用于检测O_2^(·-)的分子探针、纳米探针、蛋白探针以及化学发光探针的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。

Superoxide anion radical( O_2^(·-)) is the first generated reactive oxygen species( ROS) and plays essential function in life processes. Normal level of O_2^(·-) as important signaling molecular can regulate redox equilibrium,cellular proliferation and differentiation. However,abnormal level of O_2^(·-) is closely associated with diseases,such as cancer,neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Hence it is significant to uncover diseases mechanism by exploring dynamic regulation of O_2^(·-). Considering the advantages of fluorescence imaging method,the key factor is to develop O_2^(·-) probes with highly selective and sensitive properties for revealing the molecular mechanism of diseases. Recently,with the development of fluorescence microscopy,many fluorescent probes have been constructed and applied for imaging analysis of O_2^(·-). In this review,we mainly summarized the progress of O_2^(·-) fluorescent probes according to the different probe structure and prospected the development directions of O_2^(·-) probes.