此“燕”非彼“宴”——“燕乐”、“宴乐”表演考源

This "Yan" Is not That "Yan" ——Investigation on the Source of Performance of "Yan Music" and "Feast Music"

燕乐发展是一个动态流变的过程。史前时期,远古先民生殖崇拜之祭仪表演的音乐就是燕乐。他们用美食、美物(玉帛)以及美妙的音乐飨食天地神灵的行为即飨燕,音乐属性当为祭祀神灵的雅乐。祭仪结束,人们食其美食并进行欢歌"燕"舞甚至交欢的表演即属于安闲合欢的宴享之乐。早期的燕乐具有娱神之"燕"和娱人之"宴"的双重属性。燕乐以"燕"冠名,乃与生殖崇拜之对象——"燕子"休戚相关。"玄鸟生商",体现了商人尊祖的一种生命意识,其实质还是远古男根崇拜的一种真实反应。伴随人们对生殖文化的高度认识以及生活水平的提高,祭祀大飨的"燕乐"逐渐向休闲娱乐为目的"宴乐"过度,"燕乐"时常又被写作"宴乐"。

The development of ＂Yan Music＂ is a dynamic process of change.In prehistoric period.Music that the ancient ancestors performed for the worship of reproduction was ＂Yan Music＂.They used food,beauty（jade silk） as well as wonderful music to worship heaven and earth god,and the attribute of the music was the elegant music that sacrifices the deity.Ceremony ended,people ate their food and danced happily,this is a feast for peace and harmony.It can be seen that the early ＂Yan Music＂ has the dual attributes of ＂Yan＂ entertainment and ＂feast＂ entertainment.＂Yan Music＂ is named after ＂Yan＂ and is related to ＂Swallow＂,the object of reproductive worship.＂Swallow giving birth to Shang＂,this is a sense of life that people of Shang dynasty respect their ancestors,and its essence is a true response to ancient male genital worship.With people＇s high awareness of reproductive culture and improvement of living standards,the ritual ＂Yan Music＂ gradually developed for the purpose of leisure and entertainment,＂Yan Music＂ was often written as ＂Feast Music＂.