高温与不同空气湿度交互对设施番茄苗生长及衰老特性的影响

Effects of High Temperature and Different Air Humidity on Growth and Senescence Characteristics for Tomato Seedlings

以番茄"金粉五号"(Jinfen 5)为试材,于2016年在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站开展环境控制试验。试验设计高温与不同空气相对湿度的正交试验,高温3个水平设为35℃/18℃(昼温/夜温)、38℃/18℃、41℃/18℃,空气相对湿度3个水平设为50%(±5个百分点)、70%(±5个百分点)、90%(±5个百分点),处理天数为3、6、9d,以28℃/18℃、45%~55%为对照组(CK),测定不同处理下番茄幼苗生长指标、叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:在昼温35~41℃范围内,随着温度升高,番茄的株高、茎粗日生长量、SOD酶活性先增大后减小,而叶面积日生长量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、POD、CAT酶活性均降低,35℃、38℃处理下番茄苗长势与CK接近,41℃处理下番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积日生长量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量分别比CK降低58%、49%、18%、13.2%和10.2%;相同气温条件下,70%空气相对湿度处理下株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量、SOD与CAT活性等指标均明显高于50%和90%湿度处理;不同天数处理间各指标则无显著差异。研究结果说明在夏季温室高温(昼温35~41℃)环境中,70%空气相对湿度处理可有效缓解高温胁迫对番茄危害,而过低和过高空气相对湿度对高温胁迫的缓解作用不明显。由极差分析可知,高温是影响设施番茄苗生长及衰老特性的主要因子,空气相对湿度为次要因子;方差分析表明,高温与不同空气湿度的交互作用对设施番茄苗生长及衰老特性的影响极显著。

To understand the effects of high temperature （HT） and relative humidity （RH） on tomato growth, a controlled experiment for tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinfen 5） was conducted in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology in 2016. The HT was maintained at 35℃/18℃（day/night）, 38℃/18℃, and 41℃/18℃, the RH was set at 50%±5%, 70%±5%, and 90%±5%, and 28℃/18℃ and 45%-55% was took as control （CK）, all treatments lasted for 3d, 6d, and 9d. The results showed that the daily growth rate of plant height, stem diameter, and SOD increased at first and then decreased, while the daily growth rate of leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, POD, and CAT decreased when day temperature was 35-41℃. The growth of tomato under 35℃ and 38℃ was similar to that of CK, while the daily growth rate of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b decreased by 58%, 49%, 18%, 13.2%, and 10.2% compared to CK under 41℃. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, SOD, and CAT under the treatment of 70%±5% RH were higher than that of 50%±5% and 90%±5% RH at the same temperature. There was no significant difference among different days. The results indicated that when the day temperature of greenhouse was 35-41℃ in summer, 70%±5% RH could effectively relieve the harm of HT stress on tomato. The range analysis showed that HT was the main factor affected growth and senescence for tomato, and RH was the secondary factor. The variance analysis showed that the interaction of HT and RH impacted significantly growth and senescence for tomato.