生物炭配施有机肥对菜田土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar on Soil Moisture and Water Use Efficiency in Vegetable Field

2015年5月起在宁夏吴忠地区进行生物炭和有机肥单施与配施的定位试验,试验对象为有机菜心。每年种植3茬,本研究选取2016年5月13日播种、6月22日收获的第1茬有机菜心有关试验数据进行分析。试验共设置4个处理,单施有机肥(M,110t·hm-2)、单施生物炭(C,17t·hm-2)、施有机肥+生物炭(MC,110+17t·hm-2)以及不施有机肥和生物炭(CK),通过测定菜心生育期内0-70cm土层水分动态、菜心生长状况,以分析生物炭配施有机肥栽培模式在西北有机菜田中的作用效果。结果表明:生物炭配施有机肥处理(MC处理)可有效增加0-10cm土层的体积含水率,全生育期0-10cm土层平均含水率分别比CK、M和C处理增加12.4~29.2个百分点(P<0.05)。MC处理能够改变土壤剖面水分分布,使更多的水分集中在0-30cm土层,增加作物可利用的水分含量,对水分的固持作用显著。MC处理促进菜心的生长,增加产量,提高水分利用率(WUE),与M处理相比,其收获期菜心株高、产量、生物量和WUE分别增加39.6%、63.0%、51.4%和64.0%(P<0.01)。研究表明,生物炭配施有机肥处理蓄水保墒增收效应显著,可作为当地有机菜地优选栽培管理方式推广。

Taking Chinese Flowering Cabbage as the experimental materal, the positioning experiment of single and combined fertilization of biochar and organic fertilizer was carried out in Wuzhong dry area in Ningxia. The research analyzed the experimental data about the first crop among three corps a year in total that planted on 13th May 2015, and harvested on 22nd June 2015. The experiment totally included four treatments as single organic fertilizer （M, 110t·ha-1）, single biochar （C, 17t·ha-1）, organic fertilizer combined with biochar （MC, 110＋17t·ha-1） and no organic fertilizer and biochar （CK）. Through testing the moisture dynamics and growing state of 0-70cm soil layer in growth period of Chinese Flowering Cabbage to analyze the role and effect of cultivation model of biochar combined with organic fertilizer in organic vegetable garden in northern of China. The results showed that the treatment MC could effectively increased the water content in 0-10cm soil layer. Compared with treatment CK, M and C, the average ratio of water content of 0-10cm soil layer in whole growth period increased by 12.4-29.2 percentage （P〈0.05） respectively. Treatment MC changed the distribution of moisture in soil section profile, concentrate more moisture in 0-30cm soil layer and enhanced available water content for corps and had a remarkable role on water retention. Treatment MC could promote the growth of Chinese Flowering Cabbage and increase corps yield and water use efficiency （WUE）. Compared with treatment M, the plant height of Chinese Flowering Cabbage, yield, biomass and WUE increased by 39.6%, 63.0%, 51.4% and 64.0% （P〈0.01） respectively in harvest season. The results indicated that treatment of biochar combined with organic fertilizer （MC） had remarkable role in water-storing and soil-maintenance and could be popularized as a preferential cultivation management model in local region.