宋元至明清时期的宫廷水嬉、水戏与水台

On The Water Shows and Performance and Edgewater Stage of The Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Courts

宋金杂剧的流行以及城市中瓦舍勾栏的存在为中国戏曲的成熟提供了必要条件。元杂剧的诞生标志着一种独立的综合艺术门类站上了历史舞台。与此同时,以训练水军为初衷的宫廷水上演出活动也更具仪式性,更为繁复与斑斓。戏曲只出现在明代之后的水上演出活动中。而承载宫廷水上演乐的演出空间,多为水边戏台与舟船,具有独特的观演关系。清代的宫廷水上戏台,一直留存至今,对民间演剧演出形式影响深远。也为今天宫廷史、戏曲史、剧场史的研究提供了丰富鲜活的文献、文物资料。

The urban theaters and the Zaju poetic dramas popular over the Song and Jin dynasties make a necessary preparation for the Chinese opera to develop into maturity.The birth of the Yuan Zaju drama marks a form of an independent but comprehensive art stepping onto the stage in history.The court water shows initially designed for the navy drills get more ritualized,complicated and brightcolored.The traditional Chinese drama is put on the stage with the water performances after the Ming dynasty.The combination of the stage and boats on waters links the performers and audience in the unique form.The remains of Qing edgewater-stage structures,which once impact the way that the folk dramas are performed in history,provide much information for the study of the histories of imperial court,the court drama and the theatre as well.