中国水资源利用的时空分布格局探究

The spatial-temporal distribution pattern of water resources utilization in China

水资源的合理利用对区域经济社会发展,及促进人与自然的可持续发展至关重要.以2004年~2015年中国31个省级行政单元为研究对象,利用重心分析模型测度其时序移动轨迹,并对水资源利用类型的结构变化进行探析,在此基础上,探究我国各省份的水资源利用效率的时空变化特征.研究表明:我国水资源总量的重心移动轨迹有很大的不稳定性,而水资源用量的重心移动轨迹大致呈"Z"型变化;生态用水和工业用水的空间变化差异最大,农业用水和生活用水空间变化差异较小;用水总量的变化差异和农业用水的变化差异空间分布基本一致;我国水资源利用效率基本上呈现出东高西低的阶梯状格局.

The rational use of water resources is of vital importance to the regional eco- nomic and social development and the sustainable development of man and nature. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial administrative units in China from 2004 to 2015, the moving track of water resource gravity center in China was measured by using the gravi- ty analysis model, and the structural changes of water resources utilization types were also analyzed. On this basis, exploring the character of temporal and spatial changes of water use efficiency in China＇s provinces. The results show that there is great instability in the trajectories of the center of gravity of the total water resources in China, while the center of gravity of the water resource movement is roughly ＂Z＂ type change. The spatial variation of ecological water and industrial water is the largest, while that of do- mestic water and agricultural use is small, and the variation of water consumption and agricultural water use are basically the same. China＇s water use efficiency is basically showing the ladder-like pattern of high in the east and low in the west.