金融逻辑主导下的资本运行机制及其批判

The Capital Operation Mechanism under the Guidance of Financial Logic and Its Criticism

资本具有私人性,但为克服生产资料私有制与社会化大生产之间的矛盾而不断调整自身。它在当代的显著变化是借用金融筹集和调配社会资本的功能,将资本的所有权和使用权剥离开来,拓宽了资本的私人边界,打造了新的运行机制:为提高资本的扩张速度,企业通过金融渠道使用了大量外部资本,使扩张方式杠杆化;杠杆的使用意味着外部投资者增多,多元利益主体提高了对企业未来经济效益预期的重要性,使得衡量未来企业经营状况的现金流成为企业扩张的核心要素。从本质上看,资本运行机制被金融逻辑所主导是资本对自身矛盾的又一次克服。然而,金融所打造的这种资本社会化只存在于生产和流通领域,在分配领域则充分发挥了资本的私人性,导致收入分配更加不平等。

In order to overcome the contradiction between private ownership of means of production and socialized mass production,capital adjusts itself constantly despite its private nature.The significant changes of capital in contemporary lie in broadening the private boundary of capital appreciation by using the functions of finance as raising and allocating social capital.Specifically,the finance separates the ownership and using rights of capital,making the enterprises gain a large amount of social capital.Therefore,the scale expansion of enterprises is mainly by means of external capital rather than its own accumulation like the way during the industrial revolution period,thereby enlarging the social nature of capital and giving the expansion mode leverage.In essence,the leveraged expansion can be seen as a manifestation of capital socialization.Social capital is collected by financial institutions from the public and is refunded to enterprises for expanded reproduction,which means that capital expansion is essentially driven by the masses of the society.However,the public is a decentralized force,inseparable from overall arrangement of financial institutions,and thereby financial institutions obtain the power of controlling the flow of capital.On the other hand,the use of leverage means the increase in external investors,which actually leads to the rise in interest subjects of capital and complicates the production relations.The multi-interest subjects raise the importance of the expectation of future economic benefits of the enterprises,and also are related to future expansion,making the cash flow that measures future business situation the core element of enterprise expansion.Therefore,the leverage expansion leads to cash flow as the core of capital operation instead of traditional commodity production and circulation.In essence,capital operation mechanism is dominated by financial logic,meaning another overcoming of self contradiction of capital.Capital is not static in form,and always abandons itself constantly with the development of the productive forces,in order to accommodate more advanced productive forces.Therefore,the financial logic of contemporary capital is to construct a social relation which is more consistent with capital multiplication by using the socialization nature of finance.Resulting capital operation mechanism expands private boundary of capital in form,alleviates the contradiction between developed productive forces and backward production relations,and amplifies the scope of capitalists and workers,thereby being beneficial to socialized mass production.However,the socialization of capital is embodied only in production and circulation and is more private in distribution.The dependence of capital expansion on financial system does not surpass the ＂capital-labor＂ relation revealed by Marx,but reconstructs the order of surplus value allocation under the shadow of finance.As long as the capitalist mode of production continues to exist,the ＂capital-labor＂ relation on which capital depends will not disappear.