催化剂活性位本质和构效关系的模型催化研究

Toward Understanding the Nature of the Active Sites and Structure-Activity Relationships of Heterogeneous Catalysts by Model Catalysis Studies

明确催化剂的活性位本质和构建多相催化的结构和反应性能之间的准确关系是催化基础研究的重点,表面科学研究基于丰富的表征测试手段能够较好地在分子原子水平测定表面结构以明确催化剂活性位本质,并通过高压原位反应池测定相关催化反应性能,获得较可靠的催化剂构效关系。本文简要总结了近年来本人参与的几个模型催化研究例子,包括贵金属表面上CO和烷烃催化氧化的活性表面、纳米Au膜的制备和CO氧化的催化活性位、VO_x/Pt(111)上丙烷氧化的协同作用、Au Pd合金上醋酸乙烯酯合成Au的助催化作用、模型氧化物上纳米Pt的庚烷脱氢环化制甲苯的粒径关系等,以及相关模型催化研究技术的进展。

Understanding the nature of the active sites and the relationship between the catalyst structure and its performance are fundamental aspects of heterogeneous catalysis. With the development of modern surface science techniques, atomically resolved surface structures of heterogeneous catalysts and their properties can be studied with ease. Combined with an in situ high pressure cell, model catalysis studies can provide convincing information about the relationship between the catalyst structure and its performance. In this mini-review, several case studies of model catalysts have been summarized, including those of the active surfaces for CO and alkane oxidation using the Pt group metals as catalysts, the active site of gold nanoparticles for CO oxidation, synergistic effects between VOx and Pt for propane oxidation, promotional effects of Au in Pd-Au catalysts for vinyl acetate synthesis, structure-sensitivity of n-heptane dehydrocyclization on model oxide-supported Pt, as well as several significant improvements of the model catalysis techniques.