复合材料防撞护舷结构设计与应用

THE STRUCTURE DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE ANTI-COLLISION FENDER

以复合材料防撞护舷为研究对象,采用有限元法对不同船艏形状的船桥碰撞动力学特性进行研究,为桥梁防撞护舷结构的合理设计提供理论依据。首先通过对防撞护舷试样的碰撞试验与有限元计算结果进行对比,来完善防撞护舷的有限元模型;然后设计了D型和L型防撞护舷,并在ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件平台上对1000 t楔形船艏船、3000 t球鼻形船艏船与两种结构型式防撞护舷的碰撞特性进行仿真模拟,获得了碰撞过程中碰撞力、变形能及撞深等时域响应特性。通过比较两种护舷结构型式对船艏形状不同的适应性,发现D型护舷对楔形船艏船防护效果较好,对球鼻形船艏船防护不起作用;L型护舷对两种形状船艏船消能效果均较好,起到了保护桥梁和船舶的作用。在实际工程中需考虑多种因素的影响,综合比较后选用最为合理的防撞护舷结构型式。目前L型防撞护舷已应用于港珠澳大桥桥墩的防护工程中,有效地解决了船桥碰撞带来的破坏风险,为复合材料防撞护舷的推广使用提供了重要的指导作用。

This paper sets composite anti-collision fender as the research object.By using Finite Element Method,the dynamics of ship-bridge collisions with different bow shapes were studied,which provides a theoretical basis for the structure design of anti-collision fender.By comparing impact test with numerical simulation results from ANSYS/LS-DYNA software,it improves the finite element model of the collision fenders.Then,three structural types of composite anti-collision fenders are designed,which are D-type and L-type.And the date of collision force,energy dissipation and indentation were from the simulation of the collision among 1000 DWT wedge bow ship,3000 DWT bulbous bow-shaped boats and three structural type fenders by ANSYS/LS-DYNA.Both structure types of collision fenders＇ adaptability of different shapes are comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the D-type fender protected the wedge bow boat better,but it cannot protect bow-shaped boat.The L-type fenders dissipated energy well for the two kinds of ship,which plays a role in protecting bridges and ships.Therefore,in practical engineering,many factors should be taken into consideration in order to choose the most reasonable anti-collision fender structure.So far,the L-type collision fender has been applied in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge protection works.It effectively prevents the risk caused by ship-bridge collision,and provides an important model to promote the application of composite anti-collision fender.