进境车辆消毒剂和防冻液的选择及效果评价研究

Study on the selection and effect evaluation of disinfectant and antifreeze in entry vehicle

为了防止口蹄疫、非洲猪瘟、禽流感等重大动物疫病跨越国境传播,对进出境运输工具采取规范的消毒措施,控制传染源,切断传播途径,控制传染病的传播和发生,试验结合黑龙江省地域及气候特点和口岸防疫消毒设备,采用不同浓度的季铵盐类、酚类、醛类三种消毒液,对进境车辆防疫消毒效果进行研究,同时选择无毒、无害、无腐蚀性的防冻剂,用于冬季的防疫消毒工作。结果表明:1%季铵盐类——泰胜消毒剂的消毒效果最佳,消毒前后检测的菌落总数差异极显著;选择乙醇作为防冻液,确定-40~0℃不同温度下防冻剂乙醇浓度的配比。说明结合口岸消毒设备,使用泰胜消毒剂具有良好的防疫和消毒效果,配伍防冻剂可以用于黑龙江冬季高寒地区的防疫消毒工作。

The aim of the present study was to prevent the spread across the border of major animal epidemic diseases, such as foot - and - mouth disease, African swine fever, avian influenza and so on. The exit - entry vehicles should be performed standard disinfection measures in order to control the source of infection, cut off the means of transmission, eliminate and control the spread and occurrence of infectious diseases. According to the regional and climatic characteristics of heilongjiang and the anti -epidemic disinfection equipment, the prevention and disin- fection effect of the entry vehicles was identified by using different concentrations of quaternary ammonium salts, phenols and aldehydes. Mean- time, disinfection and prevention work in winter should be performed by using avirulent, harmless, non - corrosive antifi＇eeze. The results showed that the disinfection efficacy of the 1% quarter ammonium salt - Taisheng disinfectant was the best compared with the other disinfect- ants. The total bacterial count between pre - disinfection and post - disinfection was significant different. The ethanol was chosen as an anti- freeze. The concentration ratio of the antifreeze ethanol was confirmed under different temperature （ - 40 - 0 ℃ ）. It was indicated that preven- tion and disinfection effects of the Taisheng disinfectant was better than others according to the present disinfection equipment. The compatible antifreeze could be applied to the disinfection work in the alpine region of Heilongjiang in winter.