运动和营养知识态度行为对大学生健康生活方式的影响

The influence of exercise and nutrition on college students' healthy lifestyles

目的了解国内在校大学生健康生活行为、营养知识态度行为及课余体育锻炼情况,为提出相应的改善建议提供参考。方法采用横断面调查研究的方法,选取国内4所综合性院校2 261名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生健康生活方式自评标准化得分为65.7分,8个维度标准化得分在50~70分之间,其中"运动锻炼"维度标准化得分最低,仅为52.1分。营养知识、态度及行为(KAP)得分分别为(10.5±3.6),(20.8±4.2),(18.3±3.7)分。Logistic回归分析显示,营养KAP得分、每次体育锻炼的强度、认为体育锻炼对人的全面健康的重要程度、在校期间每周参加体育锻炼的次数(体育课除外)、是否愿意参加体育锻炼、现在对课余体育锻炼的态度与健康生活方式自评总得分均呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论大学生健康生活方式自评得分较低,营养知识得分相对较低,多数学生营养态度较好,但转化为行为的动力不足;课余体育锻炼现状较好的大学生健康生活方式自我评价更高。

Objective To understand the healthy life behavior,nutrition and extracurricular physical training of college students in China,and to provide a reference for putting forward the corresponding suggestions.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to select 2 261 undergraduates from 4 comprehensive universities in China to have questionnaires.Results The standardized score of the healthy lifestyle of college students was 65.7 points,the standardized scores of 8 dimensions were between 50-70 points,of which the standardized score of ＂exercise＂ was the lowest（only 52.1 points）.Nutritional Knowledge（K score）,Attitude（A score） and behavior（P score） were（10.5±3.6）（20.8±4.2）（18.3±3.7） points,respectively.According to Logistic regression analysis,nutrition K,A and P scores,intensity of each exercise,the importance of physical exercise to people＇s overall health,the number of physical exercises during the school week（except physical education）,whether they were willing to take part in physical exercise,and the present attitude of after-school physical exercise were positively correlated with the overall score of healthy lifestyle（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The college students have got a low evaluation score in their healthy life-style and they have got the lowest score in sports exercise,a relatively low score in the nutrition knowledge.Most students have a relatively good attitude towards nutrition,but lack of the motivation of the transformation into behavior.The students of good extracurricular exercises have a better selfevaluation of their healthy lifestyle.