海口市青少年家庭亲密度和适应性与抑郁的关系

Relationships between depression with family intimacy and adaptability among adolescents

目的了解海口市青少年抑郁症状与家庭亲密度和适应性的关系,为制定青少年抑郁干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取海口市城乡地区4 995名学生,采用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACESⅡ)进行调查。结果有抑郁症状学生的家庭亲密度、家庭适应性得分(60.64±10.30,39.69±8.70)均低于无抑郁症状的学生(69.40±10.84,45.70±8.99),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为27.449,22.276,P值均<0.05)。有抑郁症状的学生家庭类型为极端型的比例(35.7%)高于无抑郁症状的学生(27.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=34.475,P<0.05)。家庭亲密度与适应性分别与学生负面情绪(r=-0.49,-0.42)、自我效能低下(r=-0.53,-0.49)、人际问题(r=-0.42,-0.38)、缺乏快感与兴趣(r=-0.60,-0.59)及抑郁总分(r=-0.46,-0.41)均呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论家庭亲密度和适应性与青少年抑郁问题密切相关,特别是极端型家庭的青少年更易产生抑郁。保持家庭环境良好和谐可以促进青少年心理健康发展。

Objective To examine relationships between family intimacy and adaptability with depression among adolescents in Haikou,and to provide scintific basis for prevention of adolescent depression.Methods A total of 4 995 students in Haikou city were chosen by using the random cluster sampling strategy and administered with Children Depression Scale and FACES II.Results The score of familial intimacy in students with depressive symptoms（60.64±10.30） were lower than those without depressive symptoms（69.4±10.84）（t=27.449,P〈0.05）.Students with depressive symptoms（39.69±8.70 v.s.45.70±8.99,t=22.276,P〈0.05） scored lower familial adaptability,had higher proportion of extreme family type（35.7% v.s.27.1%;χ~2=34.475,P〈0.05）compared to students without depressive symptoms.Family intimacy and adaptability was negatively correlated with negative emotions（r=-0.49,P〈0.05;r=-0.42,P〈0.05）,low self-efficacy（r=-0.53,P〈0.05;r=-0.49,P〈0.05）,interpersonal problems（r=-0.42,P〈0.05;r=-0.38,P〈0.05）,lack of pleasure and interest（r=-0.60,P〈0.05;r=-0.59,P〈0.05）,and total score of depressive symptoms（r=-0.46,P〈0.05;r=-0.41,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Family intimacy and adaptability are closely related to depression in adolescents,especially among students from extreme families.Warm family environment is crucial for optimal mental health development of youth.