弗协调逻辑的五个哲学问题

Five Philosophical Problems related to Paraconsistent Logic

在研究哲学和弗协调逻辑之间关系的过程中,与其从形式结论中提炼哲学推论,不如探究弗协调逻辑的出现和发展对那些有深厚根基的哲学问题产生何种影响。因此,拟提出若干受到弗协调逻辑发展显著影响的重要哲学问题:演绎系统中矛盾的影响;通过否定和矛盾可达致的理解;辩证法的形式化;理性概念;矛盾的指称。最后作为结论而深入研究的问题是:弗协调性内部的主要问题不是停留在实质和(或)真矛盾的存在或非存在周围(这已导致处理弗协调逻辑问题的学者们互相对立的立场),而是在我们的认知系统中避免重复出现矛盾或不协调的可能性或不可能性。这并不是倡导一种"弗协调世界观",而是试图证明我们的世界将会不可避免地产生不协调。因此,弗协调是适应人类知识内在现实性的一种途径。

In this paper I propose that, in order to study the relationship between philosophy and paraconsis- tent logic, rather than extracting philosophical extrapolations out of formal results, it is better to inquire what philo- sophical problems are affected by the emergence and development of this logical option. Therefore, I will address important philosophical problems that are dramatically affected by the development of paraconsistent logic： （1） the effects of a contradiction in a deductive system ; （2） what can be understood by negation and contradiction ; （3） the formalization of dialectics ; （4） the notion of rationality ; and （5） the referents of contradictions. Then, I will go deeper into the last problem and as conclusion, I will suggest that the main question within paraconsistency, rather than turning around the existence or non-existence of real and/or true contradiction （ which has lead to con- flicting positions among authors dealing with paraconsistent logic） , is the possibility or impossibility of avoiding the repeated emergence of contradictions or inconsistencies within our cognitive systems. Rather that advocating a ＂paraeonsistent world view＂, I will try to show that it is our world view which inevitably generates inconsistencies, and that paraconsistency is a way of accommodating this reality inherent to human knowledge.