山东省城市关联网络演化特征——基于“中心地”和“流空间”理论的对比

Evolution of associated network characteristics between cities in Shandong province: Comparing central place and flow space theories

基于"中心地"和"流空间"理论,综合运用城市流强度模型和改进后的引力模型,从城市外向服务可能性的角度,分析山东省城市经济联系强弱,并结合省内企业集团母子公司的跨地域布局,构建基于要素流动的抽象城市关联。对比探究2000-2009年山东省两类城市关联格局多中心网络化的演化趋势,判别省内四个地区两类城市关联动向,印证了"流空间"理论基础上的城市关联研究,能够克服"中心地"理论对于空间距离和城市属性相对稳定性的过分依赖,客观有效地反映城市关联结构和方向的动态演化过程。研究发现:(1)山东省城市关联结构从"点—线—网"三个维度均表现出多中心演化态势,城市网络关联均衡化趋势显现。(2)城市网络关联日趋紧密,关联结构发育成熟,城市区域内部形成紧密高效的多核心"环形"骨干网络。(3)鲁东、鲁中地区内部经济联系的向心性消减,鲁南、鲁西北城市经济关联局域内向集中,"抱团取暖"发展成效显著。(4)鲁东半岛企业关联内向集中明显,对中西部地区的带动作用相对较弱。

Based on the theories of ＇central place＇ and ＇flow space＇, this paper used the urban flow intensity model and the improved gravity model to analyze urban economic ties in Shandong province from the perspective of urban network development from the city center.We built an abstract city association based on elements flow by combining geographic space of enterprise groups in Shandong province. We compared the evolution of a polycentric network from the two types of urban association patterns in Shandong province from 2000 to 2009 to determine the trends in network characteristics in two types of cities in four regions. We confirmed that the study of city relationships based on flow space theory avoided an over reliance on space-distance concepts. We also found that the relative stability of urban attributes during the study period based on central place theory effectively could not reflect the dynamic processes of city connection structures and direction. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.（1） The urban structure correlations in Shandong province showed the evolution of a multi-center pattern from the dimensions of ＇point-line-network＇, and a trend of urban network association equilibrium was emerging.（2） City network connections became more closely related. The structure of the association was mature, which provided additional possibilities for the development of the regional polycentric network. A close and efficient multi-core ring network was formed in the urban area, which provided a more extensive and convenient channel for the circulation of regional elements.（3） In the eastern and central parts of Shandong, cities＇ concentric internal economic ties tended to decline. However, in the southern and northwestern parts of the province, cities＇ close internal economic interactions were maintained with the central city and there was strong development of their economy.（4） The inward-focus characteristics of enterprise associations in eastern Shandong were obvious, but the eastern part had weaker cooperation with the central and western parts.