开放的独立外交——2017年法国总统大选与马克龙政府的外交政策

Open Independent Diplomacy:2017 French Presidential Election and Macron's Foreign Policy

法国总统大选中的民粹主义倾向和极端政党的崛起不是暂时性现象,而是对经济持续低迷、国际地位下降和安全环境恶化的结构性反应。这深刻地影响着大选中的外交政策辩论和新政府的外交政策选择。大选中的外交政策争论实质上是马克龙的"开放的独立外交"路线和勒庞的"封闭的独立外交"路线之争。它并未完全超越法国外交传统中维护独立主权与维持欧洲合作这一基本矛盾,是其在全球化危机和欧洲一体化危机中的再现与强化。马克龙新政府"开放的独立外交"既有对推进欧洲一体化和多边主义的再承诺,又体现出政府间主义和大国合作的色彩;既有对国家安全和反恐的强调,又体现出某种程度的战略收缩和现实主义色彩,在大国关系中更是重现了法国外交的独立特征。

The rise of populism and extreme political parties in the 2017 French Presidential Election was not a temporary phenomenon,but a structural reaction to years of economic stagnation,declining international status and the deterioration of security situation in France. This has profoundly influenced the foreign policy debates during the elections campaigns and the foreign policy choice of the new government. The debates between Macron's "Open independence"and Marine Le Pen's "Isolated independence"didn't as yet surpass the basic paradox within the tradition of French foreign policy between preserving independent sovereignty and maintaining European integration. In Macron's "Open Independence"style of foreign policy,we could find both commitments to European integration and multilateralism on one hand,and intergovernmentalism and cooperation between great powers on the other;both reiteration of national security and anti-terrorism and some degree of strategic retrenchment.