孤独症谱系障碍儿童家长心理应激的研究进展

Progress on psychological stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders

孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorders，ASDs）是一组以早期社会交往障碍、兴趣狭隘及刻板的行为为特征的广泛发育障碍性疾病。由于ASDs症状出现早、预后欠佳及表现形式特殊，患儿家庭常面临着各方面的压力，家长的心理应激来源也是普遍的、多层面的，不良心理应激也将影响家长身心健康，产生消极态度。国内外学者已对这一特殊人群予以关注，开始了系统的心理应激相关研究。该文将从孤独症儿童家长的应激水平、应激来源以及应对方式等方面进行系统阐述，以期为今后相关研究提供理论依据，改善ASDs家长的心理应激现状，提高患儿及家长的生活质量。

Autism spectrum disorders （ASDs）refers to a wide variety of complex developmental disor- ders that typically present deficits in social communication and restricted patterns of behavior. Families of indi- viduals with ASDs often face stress from various aspects because of the early symptoms, poor prognosis and spe- cial forms. The source of parents＇psychological stress is universal and multidimensional. Adverse psychological stress will affect the physical and mental health of parents, which produces negative attitude. Domestic and for- eign scholars have to be concerned about this particular population and have conducted a systematic study of psy- chological stress of them. This article will describe the levels of stress, stressors and coping strategies of families of individuals with ASDs, to provide implications and recommendations for future research, to improve the status of psychological stress ASDs parents, and to improve the quality of life of children and their parents.