儿童听力障碍致病因素的研究进展

Research progress of pathogenic factors in children with hearing impairment

听力障碍是儿童最常见的残疾之一，严重影响儿童的生活质量和身心发育，给家庭和社会带来沉重负担，具有高发性和危害性。探索听力障碍的致病因素，针对性的采取预防措施，以便从根本上减少该病的发生。病毒感染、尼古丁可直接或间接损伤耳蜗前庭结构、引发基因突变。噪音、炎症可能直接引起机械损伤，诱导听觉细胞凋亡。耳毒性药物通过介导内耳神经性毛细胞凋亡、变性、功能障碍、修复作用减弱引起临时性或迟发性听觉功能受损。导致听力障碍的致病因素复杂多样，该文从胎儿期因素、新生儿期因素、遗传因素、药物因素等方面进行综述。

Hearing impairment is one of the most common disabilities in children, which seriously af- fects the quality of lives as well as physical and mental development of children. Hearing impairment is high risk and harmful, which brings heavy burden to the families and society. We could take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of this disease after exploring the pathogenic factors of hearing impairment. Viral infection and nic- otine may directly or indirectly damage the vestibulocochlear organ and cause gene mutation. Noise and inflam- marion may cause direct mechanical damage and induce auditory cell apoptosis, while ototoxicity drugs may me- diate a temporary weakening or delayed auditory impairment by inner ear hair cell apoptosis, neural degeneration and repair dysfunction. There are lots of ways to cause hearing loss and the pathogenic factors of hearing loss are complex and varied. This paper reviews the aspects of fetal, neonatal, genetic, drug and other factors associated with hearing impairment.