母乳巴氏消毒的研究进展

Progress of pasteurization of breast milk

母乳富含各种营养素且含量适中、比例适当，易于婴儿消化吸收，是婴儿的最佳食物，对早产儿来说尤为重要。母乳喂养能提高早产儿的存活率，改善神经系统和视觉的发育并降低感染的发生率，为早产儿提供最理想的免疫防御。亲母母乳是最佳选择，但因母亲疾病或其他原因无法获得充足的亲母母乳时，巴氏消毒后的捐献母乳是首选。巴氏消毒能够有效地杀灭母乳中的大部分病原体，但同时也造成了母乳营养成分的流失及生物保护能力的下降。目前，母乳巴氏消毒方法的探索改进是一大研究热点。为了在杀灭各种病原体的同时，更大限度地保留母乳中的各种营养物质、免疫活性物质及有益菌群，该文就母乳巴氏消毒方法的研究进展作一综述。

Breast milk is rich in nutrients, moderate in content and proper in proportion. It is easy for in- fants to digest and absorb and is the best food for infants, especially for preterm infants. Breastfeeding can im- prove the survival rate of preterm infants, improve the nervous system and visual development, and reduce the in- cidence of infection, providing the ideal immune defense for premature infants. Mother＇s own milk is the best choice. However ,pasteurized donor milk is the preferred nutrition when the supply of mother＇s own milk is limit- ed for sickness or other reasons. Holder pasteurization is highly effective at destroying pathogens in human milk while leading to the loss of nutrients and the decrease of biological protection ability. At present, the research of holder pasteurization is hot. In order to keep more nutrients, immune active substances and beneficial bacteria in breast milk while destroying pathogens effectively, this review discusses the progress of pasteurization of breast milk.