明代闽南各类城池规制及筑城费用来源考述

The Scale of City wall and Moat in Southern Fujian and Its Source of Funding in the Ming Dynasty

明代闽南地区的城池大致可分为五种类型,其规制各有特点:府、县行政中心城池是规模最大的一类城池,各类城防设施完备;卫所城规模次之,独立千户所城周为2.4里~4.1里,各类防御设施较完备;巡检司城大多城周不及1里,且未见此类城设置濠池,各类设施较简陋;镇城、民城,规制差别巨大,某些城池规制之大甚至与县城相当;堡、寨等其他类型的小型驻防城是闽南各类城池中规模最小的城,多数城周不超过100丈,有少量的城防设施。这些城池修筑费用来源主要有官府出资、官民捐助、摊派等。

There were five types of city wall and moat in Southern Fujian in Ming Dynasty, each in different size. The city wall and moat of administrative center was the biggest： the perimeter of Quanzhou was 30 Li, Zhangzhou 12.1 Li and counties 2.7-7.6 Li; their defense facilities were well equipped. The size of the garrison battalions came next： Yongning was 5.0 Li, Zhenhai 4.4 Li, and Thousand Household Bureau was 2.4-4.1 Li; the defense facilities were relatively complete. The perimeter of most inspection sites was less than 1 Li; there no city moat, all kinds of facilities were poor. The scale of the wall and moat of town varied, some of them even as big as that of counties. The fortresses and camps were the smallest： most of them were no more than 100 Zhang long in perimeter, and there were a small amount of facilities. The sources of funding were national treasury, donation and apportion.