《汇集雅俗通十五音》的渊源及其价值与不足

The Origin' Value and Deficiency of Ya Su Tong Fifteen Initial Consonants

《汇集雅俗通十五音》是一部两百年前的漳州话字书。《雅》保留了上古和中古的许多语音特点,韵部代表字绝大部份采用见母字,五言顺口又好记。收入的12329字中,有一些是音准义同的方言本字,对方言研究很有价值。《雅》采用朱墨套印的形式,反映漳州方言的文白异读,为研究语音的不同历史层次提供了宝贵的材料。在声调的处理上,作者在每个字母的下上声都说"全韵与上上同",这是错误的,我们从五十个字母八音中的下去字逐字考证后,其结论,非"下上与上上同",而是"浊上归下去"。从漳州音系构拟上,我们从韵书中发现某些字音受邻近方言的影响,这些字音为方言间异同提供共时的语音比较,从而说明了语言交际接触中的横向渗透作用。

Ya Su Tong Fifteen Initial Consonants was a book of Zhangzhou dialect two hundred years ago（hereinafter Ya for short）. Ya keeps many phonetic characteristics in ancient and medieval times. Most part of the use of rhyme class is derived from initial characters while the five-character is read smoothly and easy to remember. In its 12329 words, some are root words with identical sound and meaning of dialect which are valuable to the research of dialect. Ya takes the form of overprinting in red and black ink, reflecting the literary and colloquial readings of Zhangzhou dialect, which provides precious materials for the phone of different historical levels. In the process of tone, the author claimed full-rhyme being same with Shang Shang about Shang Xia tone of each letter, which is wrong. After the research of Xia Qu character from eight tones of fifty letters, it comes to the conclusion of Zhu Shang returning to Xia Qu, not Xia Shang and Shang Shang being same. From the sound system of Zhangzhou, we find from the rhyming dictionary that some character pronunciation would be affected by the neighboring dialects. And the character pronunciation, offering a synchronic phonetic comparison between different dialects, shows the lateral interference of language communication.