空军青少年航空学校学员视力变化及影响因素分析

Visual changes and influencing factors of teenager aviation school students

目的通过对空军青少年航空学校学员视力和屈光状况及其影响因素的分析,确定影响该人群视力变化的关键因素,为开展和保证视力监控的有效性提供科学依据。方法对比403名青少年航空学校学员定选及入校后3个月远视力变化及现阶段的屈光情况,并对可能影响学员视力变化的因素进行问卷调查,分别采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验和Logistic回归分析视力变化程度及主要影响因素。结果入校仅3个月,学员远视力变化即存在显著差异(P<0.05),低常率达到28.79%,9.68%的学员视力下降至<0.8。散瞳后屈光检查结果提示27.05%的学员屈光不良。现阶段阅读姿势和饮食偏好是造成学员们短期视力下降的主要危险因素。结论定期对学员的远视力及屈光度进行监测对于优选飞行苗子、提高成飞率、了解和制定视力保护措施具有重要意义。视力保护需要常抓不懈,科学有效的监管和学员主观努力相结合,才能真见成效。只有持之以恒地进行视力保护,充分发挥学员自身的主观能动性才能真正起到保护视力的作用。

Objective To investigate and analyze the changes in visual acuity,refractive condition and related influencing factors among the teenager aviation school students in order to ensure the effectiveness of vision surveillance.Methods Four hundred and three students of teenager aviation schools were selected as subjects. The data of their visual changes and refractive condition during the school selection examination and three months after the examination was compared and investigated by questionnaires. The statistics were processed using Wilcoxon＇s sign rank test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The visual acuity changes were significant（ P 0. 05） after only three months at school. The hypopsia rate was 28. 79%,and the vision of 9. 68% of the students dropped below 0. 8. After mydriasis,the results showed that 27. 05% of the students had refractive errors. Reading posture and food preferences were the two important factors that influenced the visual acuity of the students with short-term vision loss. Conclusion It is important to monitor the vision and refraction regularly to reduce the waste of resources,optimize the selection of potential pilots and develop visual protection measures. Continuous protection,and good visual habits will really help to protect students＇ vision.