提高产能利用率能促进全要素生产率的提升吗?——来自中国工业行业的例证

Can Capacity Utilization improve Total Factor Productivity——Evidence from the Chinese Industries

一般而言,提高产能利用率有利于促进产业全要素生产率的提升。中国多年来一直努力通过多种政策手段治理产能过剩,但当前的产能利用率水平并不能全面有效地提升全要素生产率及其分解项,而且这种负相关关系会伴随着产能利用率的不断提升而逐渐增强。这一中国产业发展过程中所特有的现象,可以称之为"产能利用率悖论"。进一步探寻该悖论产生的原因,就会发现,当前中国存在的不适度的政府干预、低效的人力资本状况、低下的设备资产利用率和低水平的行业对外开放度等,均会束缚产能利用率对全要素生产率的提升作用。应针对这些问题,采取相应的措施,更有效地提升全要素生产率。

Generally speaking,improving capacity utilization can accelerate total factor productivity.However,based on the panel data of Chinese industries from year 2001 to 2014,and using the method of FE and GMM et al.,we find that capacity utilization cannot bring about effective improvement for total factor productivity and individual factors composed of total factor productivity.Moreover,this negative correlation gap will be further widened by accelerated capacity utilization.The reasons behind this special phenomenon of"paradox of capacity utilization"reflect inpropriate government intervening,ineffective human resource management and inadequate open-up level.Based on these findings,we work out some countermeasures to better govern capacity surplus and the paradox of capacity utilization,such as simplifying the government’s function,optimizing the structure of human capital,accelerating the utilization of equipments,deepening the content of opening and fostering the idea of systemically governing capacity surplus and so on.