西方现代戏剧的解释学转向

The Hermeneutic Turn of Western Modern Drama

西方现代戏剧的审美过程非常重视读者向度。它将读者作为戏剧的关键参与者,将读者的理解作为实现戏剧作品意义的必要途径。现代戏剧的意义阐释呈现出明显的模糊性和多义性,打破了以往戏剧在意义上追求明确和稳定的取向,出现解释学转向。戏剧意义在阐释倾向的转变与现代戏剧审美过程重视读者向度有着密切联系。以哲学解释学的视角来观照现代戏剧的意义阐释,可以更深刻理解其阐释倾向缘何发生以及这种倾向背后所蕴含的文化含义。哲学解释学的"理解是此在的存在方式"、承认合理的"前见"及理解是理解者与理解对象的"视域融合"的过程等观点为现代戏剧的阐释转向的发生提供了深入解读的视角,一定程度上彰显了现代戏剧的读者转向发生的合理性。两者之间的契合也显示出现代戏剧的这种新特点之所以会以强大生命力延续于19世纪末之后至今的戏剧史,是因其更深层次上吻合了并在一定程度上创造了20世纪的文化旨归:现代文化的相对性、多元性、整体性和统一性的特质。

Western modern drama aesthetic process attaches great importance to the reader. It takes reader as the key player in drama and understanding of the reader is seen as the necessary way to the meaningful dramas. The meaning of the modern drama presents fuzziness and ambiguity, which breaks away from previous explicit and stable meanings. From the point view of Philosophical hermeneutics, the explaining of modern drama could be understood as why this could happen and what is behind the culture. Hermeneutics＇ views, for example, understanding is the way, foreseeing, provide the deeper reading of modern expression between the writers and readers, which verifies the rationality of reader-oriented modern drama. The fusion, at the same time, explains the powerful vitality of modern drama from the late 19 century until the whole 20 century.