高度近视分类与玻璃体视网膜界面特征之间的关系

Relationship between classification of vitreoretinal interface features and pathological myopia

目的·采用增强高分辨率光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)观察高度近视患者的玻璃体视网膜界面形态特征,并研究其与高度近视分类之间的关系。方法·采集2015—2016年门诊高度近视患者的病史资料和眼科检查信息,对入组患眼的眼底照相及OCT玻璃体视网膜界面图像进行评价。结果·纳入130例高度近视患者(195眼),据眼底病变分为病理性近视与单纯性高度近视2组。玻璃体的增强OCT图像特征观察到4种类型:1型——后极部皮质前玻璃体腔型;2型——皮质粘连型;3型——视网膜前膜型;4型——无牵引型。病理性近视多发生在2、3、4型患眼中。结论·增强高分辨率OCT可敏感检出高度近视玻璃体视网膜界面的特征表现,玻璃体皮质黏附及视网膜前膜可能与病理性近视有关。

Objective · To investigate the relationship between pathological myopia and classification of vitreoretinal interface features using enhanced vitreous imaging optical coherence tomography （EVI-OCT）. Methods · High myopia patients were included from 2015 to 2016. All participants underwent standardized medical interviews and ophthalmic examination. Results · The included eyes were divided into two groups of pathological myopia and simple high myopia based on myopic macular degeneration observed on fundus photography . There were four types of vitreoretinal interface changes demonstrated on EVI-OCT scans in included eyes： Type1, posterior precortical vitreous pockets （PPVP）, Type2, partial posterior vitreous detachment with vitreous adhesion （VA）, Type 3, epiretinal membrane （ERM）, and Type 4, no traction （NT）. Pathological myopia was mostly detected in VA, ERM, and NT groups. Conclusion · EVI-OCT was able to demonstrate the early changes of vitreoretinal interface in high myopia eyes. Vitreous adhesions and traction detected by OCT may facilitate the occurrence of pathological myopia.