养老保险“负担过重”对所有行业都不好吗?——基于代表性行政垄断与竞争性行业的对比

Was the "Excess Weight" Pension Burden Bad for all Industries:Based on the Comparison between Representative Administrative and Competitive Industries

为了辩证认识不同行业缴纳养老保险"负担过重"的价值问题,首先述评了相关研究,探讨了企业"养老总支付"的收支规则,之后抽样对比了具有制度性市场竞争优势的行政垄断行业与一般竞争性行业缴纳养老保险的相关数据,发现前者"养老总支付"的"负担"普遍高于后者,的确对前者不利,但是,这却根源于其行政垄断带来的收入水平优势,而行政垄断则是市场化竞争中不合理的存在,这种不合理被养老保险制度本身所具有的"劫富济贫"社会保障功能所冲销,劣势行业员工就因此而有所获益。

In order to have a dialectical understanding about the value of the pension overburden among differ- ent types of industries, firstly, this paper reviewed the correlative studies on pension and discussed the income and expenses rule of total pension payments. And then, this paper sampled and compared the pension data of typical ad- ministrative monopoly industries which took the market competitive advantage of institution and general competitive industries and found that the burden of total pension payments of the former was generally higher than that of the latter, but that came from the income level superiority caused by administrative monopoly in the deep root. The ad- ministrative monopoly was the unreasonable advantage in market competition which was charge against by endow- ment insurance system itself with the ＂ Robin Hood＂ social security work and the employees of inferior industries would benefit from it.