论比例原则在民法中的地位

The Status of Proportionality Principle in Civil Law

被誉为"公法皇冠"的比例原则,实质精神在于强势利益与弱势利益的平衡,其新近发展的四要素说兼具理念性和工具性等属性。比例原则在融入民法的过程中:面临跨部门法律"移植"的正当性质疑等障碍;理论价值在于对价值法学延续利益法学的具体补充和对公共利益介入个体私益的精细限制;实践价值在于其可为民事立法规范生成的考量思维,亦可为民事裁判个案正义的实现方式。在肯定价值和回应障碍的基础上应承认比例原则于民法中具有一席之地,具体而言:内在体系层面,比例原则在人文关怀的契合下以实质理念形态确立其地位;外在体系层面,比例原则不以原则条款形态而以规则条款形态确立其地位。

Proportionality principle is called the ＂crown of public law＂. Its essential spirit is balance of mighty interest and weak interest,and its recently developed ＂theory of four elements ＂contain idea nature and tool nature and so on. When proportionality principle blends in the civil law： it faces some barriers such as legitimacy query of cross-section ＂transplantation＂; its theoretical value is that it＇ s specific supplement of value jurisprudence which continues the interest jurisprudence and it＇ s elaborated limitation of public interest which intervenes the private rights and interests; its practical value is that it can be consideration thought of civil legislation and in can be implementation model of case justice in civil judgment. Based on the recognition of values and respond of barriers,we should recognize that proportionality principle has its status in the civil law. Concretely speaking： in the aspect of internal system,it exists in the form of essential idea correspond to the humanistic care; in the aspect of external system,it exists in the form of rule clause instead of principle clause.