近代监狱改良视阈下的监狱官制度考

The Prison Officer System Examination under the Reform of Modern Prison

近代以前,狱吏除国家行政官员兼管职员外,整体地位比较低下,收入微薄,被视为是贱民职业。社会地位的末端化使得优秀人才不愿从事狱吏工作,狱吏多为教育低下、品行较差者,同时狱吏选任、管理方面规范的制度缺失,进一步恶化了狱吏职业,无法适应近代监狱改良的要求。清末民国时期,因为监狱改良的意义,监狱官成为备受改革者重视的职业,综观近代监狱官制度,同中国古代狱官制度比较,在监狱官待遇、培训、选任、管理等方面均有实质上的变化。近代监狱官管理日趋规范化与制度化,在一定程度上保障了监狱改良的成果。

Prior to modern times,warders were considered to be untouchables,with lower overall status and lower income,apart from state administration officials. Social status at the end of the turn makes good people don＇ t want to work in the warder,who are mostly low education, poor conduct, meanwhile warder, selection,management and standard system is missing,will worsen the warder career,unable to adapt to the requirement of modern prison improvement. During the period of the republic of China in the late qing dynasty, because the meaning of prison improvement,prison officials become ＇s reformers attaches great importance to the professional,throughout the modern prison officer system,compared to governor system in ancient China, the prison officer, treatment, training, selection,management,and other aspects are essentially change. The management of modern prison officials has become more and more standardized and institutionalized,which has guaranteed the improvement of the prison to some extent.