论秦汉监察制度起于文书行政

Investigation about the Supervisory-institution Came from the Clerical-administeration in Qin and Han Dynasty

秦汉监察制度之设立以文书行政的已有人事为基础。御史和尚书,原本都是内朝文书官,因掌通文书,逐渐获得最高监察权。地方监察分为州、郡两级。州刺史,由丞相史和秦监御史演变而来,丞相史和秦监御史原本都是文书官,因周行郡国便宜监察而逐渐获得州一级的监察权。郡督邮,本职是督送邮书,因循行属县便宜监察而获得郡一级的监察权。从秦汉监察制度起于文书行政一例,既可见"汉承秦制"的因袭模式,也可见"汉家自有制度"的创制方式。

The supervisory-institution has come from the Clerical-administeration ＇ personnel in Qin and Han Dynasty. Provincial censor and Shangshu were clerical assistants,whose Supervisory power came from their writ-delivering. Local Supervisoryinstitution included state and shire. State prefectural governor evolved from prime minister＇ s assistant and Supervisory provincial censor in Qin dynasty. Prime minister＇ s assistant and Supervisory provincial censor had Supervisory power,because they often need to inspect shires by moving around. Shire Duyou was clerical assistant.He had Supervisory power,because he often need to inspect county by moving around. The thesis shows the model of＂Han inheriting Qin＂and＂Han＇s own institution＂.