论伊丽莎白·毕晓普的诗与宗教共生关系

The Symbiotic Relationship between Elizabeth Bishop's Poetry and Religion

伊丽莎白·毕晓普通常被认为是"不信教"的诗人,然而对毕晓普的作品所作的整体观照却发现,其诗歌与宗教之间有着密切的联系。它们相互依存,互为主体,在文化共生的基础上形成学科之间交往的高级形态:一方面,毕晓普的诗既深受宗教文化的濡染,又能摆脱宗教意识的宰制;另一方面,既希冀有助心灵提升的宗教,又批判以宗教为依托的世俗化流弊。毕晓普的诗与宗教共生关系不仅体现在诗人从宗教文化中汲取题材和方法,更在于从中汲取人文思想与养料,用"神圣精神"去援助诗歌创作并实现其形变,让诗与宗教共生共荣,协同造福人类。

It is well-known that Elizabeth Bishop was an ＂unbeliever＂. Howev- er, her poetry has an intimate connection with religion. Based on a cultural symbiosis, her poetry and religion are linked in an advanced dialectical pattern. On one hand, her poetry is deeply affected by religion while rejecting its manipulation; on the other hand, her po- etry criticizes secularization and yearns for a new sublimating religious expression. In her writings, this symbiotic relationship draws on not only religious materials and methods but also humanistic ideas and a sense of the ＂divine spirit＂. Utilizing this idea of divine spirit, she achieves a poetic transformation that blossoms into an interdisciplinary cooper- ation. Her writings promote the coexistence and co-prosperity between poetry and religion to ultimately benefit human society.