纳博科夫作品中的仪式话语初探

Ritual/Anti-Ritual Discourses in Nabokov's Works

纳博科夫创作成熟期的三部作品《斩首之邀》、《塞巴斯蒂安·奈特的真实生活》和《说吧,记忆》,是作家在虚构与"真实"、过去与现在、历史与文学等两界交融态势下实践其文学相对独立性与自主性主张的力作。在这三部作品以及其他同样重要的作品中,纳博科夫通过重复社会仪式、积极构建作为个体的反仪式行为,力图重现希腊悲剧话语,扭转柏拉图话语,建立历史权威话语,进而实现作家权力,以此唤醒、引导和控制文学文本所要达到的情感力度。他书写仪式/反仪式话语的努力,为其打开了通向自主的、开放的、想象的"俄罗斯"的象征性出口。

Invitation to a Beheading, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight and Speak, Memory are three books written by Vladimir Nabokov in his mature years of liter- ary production. Like his other important books, they embody his idea of literary indepen- dence and autonomy, crossing boundaries between fiction and ＂reality＂, past and present, history and literature. By repeating and symbolizing social rituals while simultaneously establishing a series of anti-rituals, Nabokov attempts to reshape discourses of power through his reconstruction of the Dionysian spirit of Greek tragedy, his reversal of the Platonic ＂Idea＂ and his invention of historical authority. The purpose is to exercise hisown privilege as a writer in arousing, monitoring and manipulating his literary longings for the ＂otherworldliness＂, that long-lost but regained ＂Russia＂ as a result of his unique and imaginative art.