较大样本普通话陈述句和疑问句的音高分析

The Experimental Study on the Pitch of Declarative Sentences and Interrogative Sentences in Standard Mandarin Based on a Large Sample

本文对普通话基式(自然焦点)陈述句和同型疑问句进行了较大样本的实验研究。通过实验测算和统计分析字调域、词调域和句调域的音高数据,得到基式陈述句和同型疑问句的音高分布模式。陈述句的字调域跨度多在边界前扩展,字调域下限多在边界前降低,句末字调域最大,词调域有音高下倾的自然趋势。疑问句的句调域整体抬高,句末疑问焦点的词调域最大化扩展。通过与已有的小样本陈述句和疑问句的实验结果对比,二者总体表现是一致的,只是在局部细节上有少量差异,证明已有的语调格局研究的可靠性。显然大样本的分布模式更稳定,更典型,更具普遍意义。

We conduct an experimental study on declarative sentences（ natural focus） and interrogative sentences of standard Mandarin based on a large sample. Through experimental calculation and statistical analysis on pitch parameters of sentence range,tone group range and syllable range,we produce the pitch distributional patterns ofdeclarative sentences and interrogative sentences. In declarative sentences,the syllable range usually expands before boundary,and its minimum line usually decreases before boundary. The last syllable range of the final tone group is the biggest,and the pitch of tone group range represents the trend of declination. Compared with declarative sentences,the whole sentence range of interrogative sentence is lifted,and the final tone group range with interrogative focus extends maximally. In contrast with the experimental results of a small sample,we have found that the overall performances of large sample and small sample are the same,but there are some small differences in details. The results show that the existing studies on the intonation patterns are reliable. Obviously,the distributional pattern based on a large sample is more stable,typical and universal.