西藏与甘肃藏区中小学教师普通话普及状况调查对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Putonghua Popularization among Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Tibet and Gansu Tibetan Areas

本文选取西藏和甘肃两个代表性藏区作为调查地区,重点调查了该地区中小学教师普通话使用状况。结果显示:两地藏区被调查教师普通话作为母语的比例都低于5%,且约有13%的被调查教师不具备运用普通话交流的能力;具备普通话交流能力的教师中多数处于二级以上普通话水平,但两地三级与未入级的等级比例偏高。在教学和校园语境中,两地藏区教师使用普通话的意识较为薄弱;在生活语境中,西藏地区藏语是教师主要使用语言,甘肃地区主要使用语言为汉语方言。基于此,本文从加强普通话分类分层培训、加大国家通用语言文字政策法规宣传、加强对普通话使用监督检查等方面提出了相应的对策建议。

This paper selects two representative Tibetan areas,Tibet and Tibetan Gansu,to investigate the use of Putonghua by primary and secondary school teachers. The results show that the proportion of teachers taking Putonghua as their native language is less than 5% in the two Tibetan areas and about 13% of the respondents don＇t have theability to communicate in Putonghua. Most of the teachers with Putonghua communication ability are at the second or higher Putonghua level,but the proportion of teachers at the third or non-graded level is high in these two areas. In teaching and on campus,teachers in the two Tibetan areas have little awareness to use Putonghua. In everyday life,Tibetan language is the main language of teachers in Tibet,and the main language used in Tibetan Gansu is the Chinese dialect. Based on these findings,this paper makes suggestions in strengthening classified Putonghua training, advancing publicity of national common language and character use policies,and improving supervision and inspection of using Putonghua.