中国研究生院型大学创建的历史境遇与组织学阐释——以世界一流大学创建背景下的国科大为例

Historical Situation and Organizational Interpretations of Chinese Graduate Department Universities——A case study of the UCAS in the background of building world-class universities

我国大学系统在科研领域的主力军作用日益凸显,给立身于科研又培养人才的中科院形成制度环境的形塑压力,促使其创建国科大融入世界一流大学建设潮流。中科院在研究生院基础上增设占比很小的本科生教育,以较小的边际成本取得大学的合法身份与资源,迅速发挥既有优势在"重新洗牌"后的大学分类与等级系统中跻身有利地位,让其培养的人才毕业于"一流大学"而非"一流研究生院",以此顺应社会对大学培养人才的文化期待。这种典型的组织结构局部分化策略有效避免了总体的组织动荡,是资源依赖途径相似的高教系统和科研系统组织趋同的生动体现,也是合法性机制和效率机制交互作用的合力结果。

China＇s university system has become increasingly prominent in the field of scientiiic research, brought pressure of institutional legitimacy to the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）, and promoted CAS to create University of Chinese Academy of Sciences （UCAS） in response to the world-class university construction trend. CAS has added a small proportion of undergraduate education on the basis of graduate school, obtained the legal status and resources of world-class university with a small marginal cost, occupied a favorable strategic position in the reshuffled university classification and hierarchy by its original advantages of teaching and research, let all the students graduate from ＂first-class university＂ rather than ＂first-class graduate school＂, adapted to the cultural expectations of the public, and avoided the overall organizational instability effectively. This case is a typical type of partial adjustment and regional differentiation strategy, a vivid example of organizational convergence of university system and scientific research system both of which depend on the government resources, and the result of the coupling of legitimacy mechanism and efficiency mechanism.