华北地区城市浅山区海绵绿道设计方法研究--以石家庄鹿泉区山前大道为例

Design methods of sponge greenway in urban shallow mountainous area in northern China:taking the greenway of Luquan District in Shijiazhuang as an example

华北地区年降雨量偏少,降水集中、多暴雨且年蒸发量大,导致严重的雨洪问题与水资源短缺问题。山麓迎风区多暴雨的气候特征对平原地区构成了雨洪灾害的威胁,在城市浅山区建设海绵绿道作为径流缓冲区,对于缓解雨洪灾害有着重要意义。为解决华北地区城市浅山区雨洪管理问题与水资源短缺问题,本研究通过分析华北地区的气候特征、城市浅山区的雨洪灾害情况及其特点,首先探讨了在华北地区城市浅山区建设海绵绿道的必要性。在此基础上,结合河北省石家庄市鹿泉区山前大道项目,提出了适用于华北地区浅山区的海绵绿道设计方法。该海绵绿道的设计策略综合考虑到3个维度:1)华北城市浅山区作为自然基底;2)绿道作为雨水径流缓冲带;3)低影响开发措施作为绿道设计内容之一。本研究基于雨水安全与利用两个视角综合考虑设计策略。最后,本文利用暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)量化模拟LID设施对雨水径流的控制效果,将海绵绿道与传统绿道的调蓄效能进行对比。结果显示,海绵绿道在控制径流总量、峰值流量以及推迟峰现时间方面具有更好的效能,能有效解决场地的雨水调蓄问题。

The annual rainfall in North China is less than normal and the rainfall is concentrated. Rainstorms frequently occurs and the annual evaporation is large, which cause serious flood and water shortage problems. The rainstorms in the windward area of the piedmont area constitute a threat of flood to the plain area. Building greenway in urban shallow mountainous area is of great significance to alleviate flood and rain disasters. With the aim of solving the problems of the water resource shortage in northern China and rainwater management problems in urban shallow mountainous areas, firstly, this paper discusses the necessity of sponge greenway＇ s construction by analyzing the climatic characteristics of northern China and characteristics of rain and flood disasters in urban shallow mountainous area. On this basis, combined with the greenway project of Luquan District in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province of northern China, the paper proposes design methods for spongy greenway. The design strategies of sponge greenway consider three following dimensions： 1） taking urban mountainous areas of northern China as the natural substrates; 2） taking greenway as the runoff buffer; 3 ） integrating the LID facilities into greenway design. This study considers the design strategies based on two perspectives of rainwater safety and utilization. Finally, this paper uses the storm water management model （SWMM） to quantify the control effect of LID facilities on stormwater runoff, and compares the storage efficiency of sponge greenway with the traditional one. The results show that the sponge greenway has better efficiency in controlling total runoff, peak flow and delaying peak time. Spongy greenway can effectively solve the problems of rainwater regulation.