论综合生态系统管理视阈下渔业水域保护法制之完善

Improvement of Legal System of Fishery Water Protection from the Perspective of Integrated Ecosystem Management

良好的渔业水域生态环境是我国渔业发展的基础,并且对渔业产业的长期稳定发展起着关键作用。目前,我国渔业水域生态环境不容乐观,污染事故频发,严重地影响了我国渔民基本生活和渔业产业的可持续发展。在此情形下,基于综合生态系统管理理论,对我国渔业水域保护法制理念和法律制度进行评估,并提出我国渔业水域保护法制完善建议,具有重要的意义。针对我国现阶段渔业水域保护法制面临的挑战,具体完善建议包括:转变渔业水域保护重开发利用、轻生态保护的法制理念;提高渔业水域生态保护程度,完善重点渔业水域立法,并将风险预防原则纳入渔业水域保护理念之中;强化部门衔接,提高渔业行政主管部门执法监察能力,完善跨区域渔业水域污染事故调查处理;加大渔业水域保护的财政投入,完善财政支持与渔业水域保护的有效衔接;积极提高公众参与渔业水域保护意识,扩大公众参与范围,建立多元化的渔业水域保护法律制度。

Good fishery ecological environment is the basis of fishery development in China, and plays a key role in the long-term stable development of fishery industry. At present, the ecological environment of fishery waters in China is not optimistic, and has frequent pollution accidents, seriously affecting the basic livelihood of fishermen and sustainable development of fishery industry. In this case, it is important to assess China's fishery water protection legal concept and legal system based on the ideas and methods of integrated ecosystem management, and put forward our proposals to improve legal protection of fishery waters. Facing the present stage of our country fishery protection legal challenges, specific improvement suggestions include: changing the legal concept of development and utilization rather than of ecological protection in protection of fishery water; improving ecological protection level of fishery water, improving key fishery legislation, and bringing the precautionary principle into the concept of protection of fishery water; strengthening cohesion of departments, enhancing the capacities of law enforcement and supervisor of the administrative departments of fishery, and improving inter regional fishery water pollution accident investigation and handling; increasing financial investment to the protection of fishery waters, and improving the effective convergence of financial support and fishery water protection; actively improving the awareness of public participation in the protection of fishery water, expanding the scope of public participation, and establishing legal systems of protection of fishery water.