“话题—说明”框架下施动和使动句式语义语用基础探析

A Semantic and Pragmatic Exploration of Initiative and Causative Sentences Under the “topic-comment” Framework

施动句和使动句是现代汉语中应用得十分广泛的两种基本句式,彼此之间在结构和语义上有很大程度的关联性。与印欧语主动句和被动句迥异,施动句和使动句结构格局形成的基础是汉语"话题—说明"的语义语法框架,"话题"的有定性是其形成的根本动因。及物性理论,尤其是美国功能主义学派提出的有关及物性标准的理论与"话题—说明"理论相契合,可以为汉语施动句和使动句的成因和独特性提供较强的理论阐释。

Initiative sentence and causative sentence are two widely used sentence patterns in modern Chinese which connects and associates with each other in structures and semantics.Different from the active and passive sentences in Indo-European languages,the initiative and causative sentence patterns are formed on the basis of Chinese ＂topiccomment＂ semantic grammatical framework in which the definiteness of the ＂topic＂ plays a leading role.Transitive theory,especially the American functional transitive theory which has something to do with the degree and standard of transitivity fits well with the ＂topic-comment＂ framework and can put forward more reasonable theoretical explanations for the causes and uniqueness of the two sentence patterns.