五服制视角下西周王朝治边策略与国家认同

The Border Management and National Identity of the Western Zhou Dynasty Under the Visual Angle of Wufu System

随着新出土材料刊布及西周史研究的推进,学界将五服制仅视为朝贡制度的认识亟待转变。根据新出土材料和传世文献的记载,可见西周王朝治理边疆族邦三大策略:在军事征服基础之上,建立要服、荒服,要服、荒服邦伯参与国家祭祀、朝觐礼仪,认同周王朝的统治,成为西周王朝国家组成部分;在周边族邦地区建立侯伯,监管周边族邦尽职情况;周王亲自巡查边疆族邦或派遣甸服朝臣到地方巡视,检验边疆族邦对西周王朝应尽的职责。西周王朝采取的这些治理边疆族邦策略是由其建国时的国家体制决定的。

By the advance of publishing of the new unearthed material and research of history of the Western Zhou Dynasty,we much change the recognition to Wufu system be regarded as the pay tribute system.According to the new unearthed material and the handed down documents,three strategy of the Western Zhou Dynasty governing border area can be seen：Firstly,based on military conquest,Yaofu and Huangfu was established,which leaders participated in national sacrifices and pilgrimage,identifying with the dynasty＇s rule,then becoming apart of the Western Zhou Dynasty;Secondly,At the border area,the Hou＇s leader was established,which supervised all the states fulfilling their duties;Thirdly,the kings of Zhou inspected the states of border area personally,or dispatching the liegemen of Dianfu inspecting local area,so the duty to the Western Zhou Dynasty can be checked.These strategies governing the states of border area used by the Western Zhou Dynasty was decided by the state system when the dynasty was established.