比例原则在现代民法体系中的地位

The Principle of Proportionality in the Modern Civil Law System

比例原则表达了一种适度、均衡的理念和思想,因而是一项理性的行为准则,能够作用于包括民法在内的整个法律秩序。比例原则在民法上具有本体论意义和方法论意义双重性质,可以作为一项民法基本原则发挥作用。民法并非一个独立的自治王国,国家可能通过立法和行政等手段对民事主体的权利和自由进行过度的干预和限制,而处于优势地位的私人也可能滥用此种优势,使相对人处于不平等地位。将比例原则引入民法的重要意义在于:在本体论意义上,其可以将民法领域的各种强制力量"关进制度的笼子",确保民事主体的自由不被过度限制;在方法论意义上,其可以作为一种分析和评判现行相关规定和做法之妥当性的思考工具,并可指出进一步改进之方向。在民法典编纂的时代背景下,我们应当不失时机地将比例原则引入民法,以助推我国民事立法和民法学研究的现代转型。

Principle of proportionality expresses the idea of moderate and balanced,thus it is a rational behavior criterion. The principle can play an important role during the whole legal system,as well as civil law. In civil law,principle of proportionality has dual significance of ontological and methodological,and such principle can act as a fundamental principle of civil law. Civil law is not an independent space,where rights and liberty of civil subject may be subject to national excessive intervention and restrictions through legislative and administrative measures. And the private who are in a dominant position may also abuse their advantages,resulting in an unequal state for the other party. The significance of introducing principle of proportionality into civil law lies in two aspects-ontology and methodology. The first significance is that the principle can force variety of compulsory power existing in the field of civil law into ＂a cage of system＂,ensuring that the liberty of civil subject shall not be excessively restricted. The second significance is that it can serve as a tool for analyzing and judging whether the relevant existing regulations and practices are appropriate. What＇s more,it can point out the direction of further improvement of civil law. Under the background of compiling of Civil Code,we should introduce principle of proportionality into civil law,in order to implementation the modern transformation of legislation and research of civil law.