176例儿童口服中毒的急救处理及健康教育

The first-aid treatment and health education of 176 children with oral poisoning

目的探讨儿童口服中毒的急救处理方法,并为家属提供有针对性的健康教育指导。方法对2013年1月至2016年12月期间在西安交通大学第一附属医院儿科抢救室收治的176例急性口服中毒患儿的临床资料进行回顾,总结中毒患儿洗胃、灌肠、催吐、利尿及血液灌流等急救措施的抢救治疗经验,并对其中毒种类及相关原因进行归纳分析。结果急性口服中毒涉及儿童各年龄段,以1~3岁患儿最多,为109例(61.93%),176例中毒患儿中,男孩91例(51.71%),女孩85例(48.29%)。所有患儿经洗胃、解毒及血液灌流等急救处理后,临床治愈170例(96.59%),好转6例(3.41%)。结论儿童中毒重在预防,应采取多样化的宣传方式,向家长普及口服中毒的相关健康知识及院前急救常识,重视儿童日常看护,加强对家庭一般药物、农药以及其它非食用性用物的监管;对青春期儿童,应家校联合共同做好其心理疏导,减少儿童服毒事件,保障儿童健康成长。

Objective To discuss the first-aid treatment of children with oral poisoning and offer guide on health education for their relatives.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 176 emergency children with oral poisoning rescued in department of pediatrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to December 2016.Rescue therapy experience in gastric lavage,clysis,emetic,dieresis and hemoperfusion for poisoned children was summarized and poisoning styles and causes were analyzed.Results Acute oral poisoning occurred in children of different age,with the majority in those aged 1-3 years（109 cases,61.93%）.Among 176 poisoned cases,91 were boys（51.71%）and 85 were girls（48.29%）.After treatment of gastric lavage,detoxification and hemoperfusion,170 poisoned children（96.59%）were cured and 6（3.41%）were recovered.Conclusion Prevention is key to avoiding children poison,and different kinds of education on health and prehospital emergency should be provided for parents.Daily care should be focused,and medicine for family use,pesticides and other non-food items must be monitored.For teenage,families need to cooperate with schools to do psychological counseling so as to reduce poison accident and ensure healthy growth.