我国航运业在全球价值链的国际分工地位

The international division of China's shipping business in the global value chain

基于1995—2011年世界投入产出表,采用GVCI方法测算我国航运业在全球价值链中的国际分工地位.研究表明,我国航运业在1995—2011年,国内增加值整体呈波动上升趋势.1995—1999年,我国航运业参与国际贸易水平较低,国内增加值及国外增加值均较低;2001—2007年,国内增加值比重逐渐上升;2008年,受金融危机影响,国内增加值比重大幅回落;2009—2010年,国内增加值比重又有所回升.国际比较表明,我国航运业国内增加值的绝对量在不断增加,但仍处于全球价值链低端环节,主要表现在我国航运业国内中间需求较高、高端航运服务业发展缺乏,以及从传统产业向现代产业转型的迫切性.我国航运业应加大基础设施支撑,充分把握政策机会,并通过技术创新引导航运业从劳动密集型产业向知识密集型产业转变,从而不断提升国际分工地位.

Based on the world input-output tables from 1995 to 2011, this paper calculated the international division of China＇ s shipping business in the global value chain using GVCI method. Research shows that the domestic added value of China＇ s shipping business from 1995 to 2011 was wavelike rising on the whole. From 1995 to 1999, China＇ s position of shipping business was lower in the level of international trade, including domestic and foreign added value. From 2001 to 2007, the proportion of the domestic added value increased gradually, then fell sharply resulted from the financial crisis in 2008 and the rebounded from 2009 to 2010. International comparison shows that China＇ s shipping business rises in the absolute amount of domestic value added, but it still lower in the global value chain. It is mainly manifested that China＇ s shipping business development of domestic need is higher but lack of high-end shipping services and transformation from traditional industry to modern industry. China＇ s shipping business has to strengthen the supporting infrastructure, fully grasp the policy opportunities and guide shipping business shift from labor-intensive industries to knowledge industries through technical innovation to continuously enhance the status of the international division.