挂社青仪式的特点及其社会功能——以湘西南地区的挂社青仪式为例

The Characteristics and Social Functions of the Ceremony of “Guasheqing”——A Case Study of the Ceremony of“Guasheqing”in the Southwest of Hunan Province

在湘西南地区,除了传统意义上的清明祭祖之外,还存在着一种特殊的"挂社青"活动,指的是出嫁女在春社日前给亡故的父亲或母亲新坟(新亡三年内)扫墓。一为聊表哀思、寄托思念之情;二是求得父母庇佑。三年之后便由儿子接手,转为一般意义上的"挂青"。此种"挂社青"活动有四个特点:一是出嫁女负责准备及主持祭祀活动;二是祭祀当天需本家人和村里人共同参与;三是祭祀日在春社日前;四是祭品更为复杂多样。文章主要通过对"挂社青"活动的叙事,分析发现"挂社青"活动具有寄情、孝道传承、强调女性和姻亲、强化宗族联系等四种社会功能。

In the southwest of Hunan Province, in addition to the traditional sense of the sacrifice to ancestors on Tomb-sweeping Day, there is alsoa special“Guasheqing”activities, referring to the married woman prays in front of the father or mother’ s new grave （died within three years） before the Spring Society Day.On the one hand, she expresses her grief and feeling of missing to the dead parents, on the other hand, sheexpects to get parents’blessing for their marriage. Three years later, such activity will be taken over by hisson, with a general sense of “Guaging” . This “Guasheqing”activities contains four characteristics： first, themarried woman is responsible for preparing and hosting the ritual activities; second, the day of worship needsthe family and the village people to participate together; third, the sacrifice day before the Spring Society Day;forth, the sacrificial offerings are very different from the sacrificial offerings of the “Guaging” , the items aremore complex and diverse. Through the narrative of the “Gua Sheqing”activities, this article finds that“Guasheqing”activities conveys such four social functions as expression to one’ s feeling, filial piety heritage,emphasizing women and affinity, and strengthening the clan contact.