方孝孺正统论探析

Research on Fang Xiaoru's Orthodox Ideas

方孝孺是明初重要的思想家、文学家,黄宗羲称其为"有明之学祖",其正统论思想是理解其整个思想乃至其最终"成仁取义"、舍身殉国的一个关键。目前学界对方孝孺的研究已经不少,但对其正统论思想的专门探讨尚不多,部分结论也存在偏颇之处。只有把方孝孺的正统论放到元明鼎革和明代开国之初所进行的政权合法性建设这一特殊时代背景中加以分析,才能准确把握其思想的内容、特点和局限;同时,也只有将其放到古代整个正统理论发展的脉络中去考察,才能了解方孝孺正统论的特殊贡献和价值。

Fang Xiao-ru is an important ideologist and litterateur in early Ming dynasty.Huang Zongxi called him as the"academic pioneer of Ming dynasty",his orthodox ideas are the key for understanding his whole ideas and his final sacrifice for the humanity,righteousness and the country.At present,the researches about Fan Xiao-ru are not a few,but the studies about his orthodox ideas are not many,of whch some conclusions are partial.Only put his orthodox ideas into the historical context of the validity of the regime building in Yuan-Ming transition and the beginning of Ming,can we grab the contents,characters and limitations of his ideas.At the same time,only put his ideas into the process of the whole Orthodox ideas in the old times,shall we catch his ideas' special contributions and values.