家庭因素对大学新生心理健康的影响

Impacts of Family Factors on University Freshmen'Mental Health

目的:研究家庭因素对大学新生心理健康状况的影响。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自编家庭成长经历问卷对2872名大学新生进行调查研究。结果:(1)单亲家庭学生与完整家庭学生比较,在躯体化、焦虑、敌对,精神病性因子及总均分上存在显著差异(t=2.699,2.711,2.764;P<0.01;t=2.546,2.193;P<0.05);(2)曾经有留守经历的学生与无留守经历的学生比较,在除恐怖因子外所有因子上存在显著差异(t=3.862,4.987,3.605,3.716,3.633,2.170,2.281,4.534,4.163;P<0.05);(3)独生子女心理健康优于与非独生子女,在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子及总均分上存在显著差异(t=-2.866,-2.034,-2.815,-2.865,-2.909,-2.476;P<0.05);(4)近亲中有精神疾病的学生在总均分和所有因子上都存在非常显著的差异(t=4.487,4.850,3.623,4.155,4.007,4.159,3.791,3.051,3.488,4.145;P<0.001);(5)家庭气氛不和谐或一般的学生与家庭气氛和睦组相比,在总均分和所有因子上都存在非常显著的差异(F=28.625,41.306,49.394,55.696,33.049,34.551,15.682,40.478,49.786,52.383;P<0.001)。结论:单亲家庭、非独生子女、留守经历、近亲中有精神疾病患者及家庭气氛失和等家庭因素对大学新生心理健康状况产生了负面影响。

Objective：To study the impacts of family factors on university freshmen＂ mental health.Methods：Symp- tom checklist 90（SCL--90）and a family factors questionnaire were used to assess the mental health status of 2872 u niversity freshmen.Results ： ① The scores of somat-- ization, anxious, hostility, psychoticism, total average scores of the students come from single parent family were significantly different those who come from complete family（t = 2.699,2.711,2.764,2.546,2.193 ;P〈0.05）.②Except for the scores of phobia,all other scores were significantly dif- ferent between freshmen with left-- behind experience and who hadn＇t such experience （t =3. 862,4. 987,3. 605, 3.716,3.633,2.170,2.281,4.534,4.163;P〈0.05）.③The mental health of the only child were better than with sib- lings, the scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, phobia, psychoticism, total average scores were significantly dif- ferent between the two groups（t=2.866, 2.034,-2.815,-2.865,-2.909,-2.476;P〈0.05）.④The next of kin who suffer.lug from psychiatric disorders influence the＇ freshmen＇ mental health （t=4.487, 4.850, 3. 623, 4. 155,4. 007, 4.159,3.791,3.05 l, 3.488,4.145 ; P〈0.001 ）. ⑤Bad family atmosphere seriously affected the freshmen＇ mental health （F=28.625,41. 306,49. 394,55. 696,33. 049,34.551,15. 682,40. 478,49. 786,52. 383 ; P〈0. 001 ）. Conclusion： Single parent, left-- behind experience, with siblings, the next of kin who suffering from psychiatric disorders, bad family at mosphere,influence the mental health of freshmen.